4D seismic co-processing pre-stack depth migration for scarce acquisition repeatability

Abstract Time-lapse (4D) seismic processing is routinely used to monitor hydrocarbon reservoir production. Seismic reflections are sensitive formation pressure and fluid content. This means that repeated surveys can theoretically detect changes associated with field These measurements help optimize production strategy identify areas where hydrocarbons have been bypassed. However, the signal such be negligible, especially in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. To measure this 4D signal, acquisition must repeated. Data vintages should processed together minimize differences unrelated Repeatability of data sometimes impossible achieve Middle East due environmental (e.g., dunes, currents, facilities). Due high cost inadequate sampling, attempts permanently bury sources receivers failed. In study, least-square pre-stack depth migration (LSM) co-processing was applied remove influence survey design on final image pinching mark compared conventional Kirchhoff (KPSDM). The physical, geometric, attributes analyzed as key diagnostic tools evaluate probability a sighted difference independent two different geometries. analysis performed case studies offshore Abu Dhabi, determine which workflow algorithm most likely ensure complete optimal sequence relaxes need for repeatability.